What Are the Most Common Types of Hearing Test?

Pure-tone testing is a standard test to measure the hearing range in each ear by finding the quietest sound the ear can detect at different pitches and volume. Pure-tone audiometry is sometimes also called air conduction testing since the sounds go through the outer and middle ear. The testing process generally looks something like this:

• The patient is seated in a quiet space and fitted with earphones or insert phones.
• The audiologist plays a series of sounds or tones over the earphones.
• Every time a sound is heard, the patient indicates it by pressing a button, raising a hand, or pointing to the ear where the sound is heard.
• The audiologist records the results in an audiogram.

A bone conduction audiometry test helps an audiologist to determine if there is a problem in the outer or middle ear, generally known as conductive hearing loss. Bone conduction testing can also identify inner ear problems that may indicate sensorineural hearing loss. The testing process usually proceeds along these lines:

• The audiologist places a small device behind the patient’s ear or on the forehead.
• The audiologist sends a series of sounds through the device that cause the skull to vibrate gently.
• These vibrations allow the sound waves to bypass the outer and middle ear, going instead directly to the inner ear, or cochlear. 

A narrow band noise is played through either supra aural or insert headphones. The level of noise presented through the headset is calculated by the Audiology Clinician according to BS EN ISO 389-4 or by using Masking Noise (M) + 10. M is calculated as being the lowest level of masking which the client can detect and is measured in dB. Learn more about Audiometric Masking. 

Hughson Westlake protocol is an ascending technique of Audiometry which is done using 5-dB steps. It is based on the thought that short tone bursts are better heard against a background of silence rather than a continuous tone separated by a short interval when the level is being changed. Developed in 1944 it was adapted in the 1960’s to be automated. 

A speech audiometry test is used to assess a client’s ability to recognize speech in a variety of situations. People who have hearing loss often say that hearing speech is the one area where they have the most trouble, especially when they are trying to understand speech in a noisy setting. While there are a variety of speech tests used in the audiometry practice, most clinics start with 3 basic forms of testing:

1. Speech detection threshold test (SDT) gauges a patient’s hearing ability based on the presence or absence of stimuli. A series of words is played at steadily decreasing volumes, and the SDT measures the lowest level at which the presence of a speech signal can be heard 50% of the time, whether or not the patient can interpret specific words.
2. Speech recognition threshold test (SRT) is similar to the SDT, but focused instead on recognition and identification of words. SRT measures the lowest hearing level at which the patient can correctly perceive and repeat 50% of the speech stimuli. The speech material used may be words spoken by the operator or pre-recorded and played through headphones. (Recorded presentations are recommended because recorded materials standardize the test procedure.)
3. Supra-threshold recognition testing (STR), also known as word-recognition or speech discrimination testing, measures the client ability to understand speech at a comfortable listening level. Patients are played a series of words and the audiologist assesses how well they interpret different kinds of words. If the speech discrimination is poor, speech may sound garbled. Word recognition scores can be helpful in predicting the usefulness of a hearing aid.

More advanced speech testing takes into account how speech is understood in the presence of noise. A series of words are played, accompanied by various noise types such as white noise, speech noise, babble noise, or running speech. The accuracy with which the patient interprets words backed by different noise sources provides useful information about the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at which the patient can understand speech. Read more about speech in noise (SIN). 

The QuickSIN is a speech-in-noise test that quickly and easily measures the ability to hear in noise. Speech understanding in noise cannot be reliably predicted from the pure tone audiogram or other standard audiometric tests. The QuickSIN test should be used on all adult patients as part of the audiometric test battery.

This test uses Tuning forks to establish whether a hearing loss is present at the frequency of the tuning fork which is being used. It is not a substitute for performing additional Audiological assessments. Learn more about the Weber method. 

Pure tone signals can be heard in adjoining hair cells if the signal is loud enough; as a result of this it is not possible to use Pure Tone Audiometry to identify dead regions in the cochlea. Identifying dead regions in the cochlea is important for clients who have a severe to profound hearing loss, those with a steeply sloping hearing loss and those with extremely poor speech discrimination. Learn more about Threshold Equalizing Noise.

SISI is a test of the ability of an individual to recognise 1dB increases in intensity during a series of pure tone bursts. This was designed to assist in the determination of where the hearing impairment arose from. In management of hearing impairments, it is important to understand where the issue arises from, whether it is Cochlear or Retrocochlear. In a Cochlear disorder the patient will be able to differentiate the 1dB steps where an individual who has a retrocochlear disorder will not.

Free Field Audiometry provides the clinic an option for assessing individuals who are unable to wear headphones of any description. Instead of headphones, the sounds are presented via a speaker placed in front of the patient. Read more about Free Field.

Tympanometry, also known as a test of the middle ear, is designed to determine how well the eardrum is functioning. A healthy eardrum will allow sound to pass through it unimpeded. A tympanometry test detects problems such as fluid behind the eardrum, perforated eardrum and abnormal movement of the eardrum. Tympanometry involves plugging the ear and slowly increasing the air pressure in the ear canal in order to measure the response of the eardrum. Acoustics Reflex - Presenting a loud sound to the patient through an ear canal probe provides a protective reflex of the Stapedius muscle; this contraction results in an increased impedance which the probe records as decreased compliance. This test can be used to confirm the results of a full battery of hearing assessments.